Micro-Aeolic in Residential Districts: A Case Study in Sant’Arsenio (South-western Italy)

Renewable energies are sources of energy derived from inexhaustible natural resources. In other words, they are regenerated at the same speed at which they are consumed, and they are freely available. In the new millennium, we find multiple typologies of renewable energies, such as the sun and wind. The latter has undergone tremendous development and evolution owing both to economic and financial incentives and the increased concern with environmental protection. Initially, the integration of wind power into daily life was very difficult because the first power plants were very large, which caused great anxiety around the world – the so-called Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) problem. For this reason the idea of a wind plant evolved into a softer idea which has brought both change in daily life and the respect for morphology, urbanism and city architecture. In Europe, wind energy has increased in use and …

Multi-objective Optimization of a Two-Stage Micro-turbine for Combined Heat and Power Production

In recent years, reducing the cost of energy production and transmitting electricity in remote areas of the distribution network have attracted many researchers’ attention. One of the methods to fulfill these objectives is using a gas micro-turbine cycle. In this paper, a two-stage micro-turbine with an intercooler was used to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. In this system, the impacts of the effective input parameters, such as compressor pressure ratio, bypass ratio, and re-cooperator yield on cycle performance were studied given that the values obtained from cycle modeling were not continuous, and using GMDH-type neural system (as one of the most widely used neural networks with high potential to model complex data), the desired objective functions were estimated and then simultaneous optimization of the objective functions were implemented. It was shown that the maximum electrical exergy …

Exergoeconomic multi-objective optimization of an externally fired gas turbine integrated with a biomass gasifier

This study deals with thermodynamic and economic analysis of a combined gas turbine and Organic Rankine Cycle integrated with a biomass gasifier. A modified model is used to increase the precision of the gasifier thermodynamic model. Seven decision variables, namely, biomass gasification temperature (Tgasif), combustion temperature (Tcomb), gas turbine inlet temperature (T3), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηGT), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηcomp), compressor pressure ration (rp) and maximum ORC operating pressure (P3R), are selected as the main decision variables of the combined system. The total cost rate and exergy efficiency of the system are chosen as the two main objective functions. A group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural network and evolutionary algorithm (EAs) are used for modeling the effects of the seven decision variables on both objective functions. The result of …

Design and Optimization of an Integrated System to Recover Energy from a Gas Pressure Reduction Station

This chapter deals with thermodynamic modeling, parametric analysis, and optimization of an integrated system to recover energy from pressure reduction station in city gate station (CGS). This chapter aims to fully cover the thermodynamic modeling of an integrated system consisting of a turbo expander, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer to produce and store hydrogen. The pressure of natural gas in transmission pipeline in Iran gas system is high which sometimes go beyond 7 MPa. This pressure needs to be reduced near the cities pipeline pressure to 1.7 MPa. This pressure reduction results in ample potential to recover energy to generate electricity. In the proposed integrated system in this chapter, a comprehensive parametric analysis including the effect of main parameters such as natural gas preheat temperature, the natural gas pressure inlet to …

Exergoeconomic evaluation of a two-pressure level fired combined-cycle power plant

The application of the exergy and exergoeconomic analysis for energy conversion systems is growing steadily. This analysis is particularly useful for energy conversion systems such as the combined-cycle power plant (CCPP). This paper deals with exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a combined-cycle power plant with supplementary firing. A process simulation program, IPSE Pro, is used to model the combined-cycle power plant. Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis is carried out by developing a Matlab code. Three configurations of the combined-cycle power plant are investigated and the effect of the configurations of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and performance parameters such as fuel mass flow rate of duct burner and pressure ratio of compressor on combined-cycle performance have been studied. Exergy and exergy cost destruction rates are also calculated. Finally, the cost of generated …

Exergy and exergo–economic evaluation of Isfahan steam power plant

The objective of this paper is to perform the exergy and exergo–economic analysis of Isfahan steam power plant. A simulation program is used for modelling the Isfahan steam power plant in Iran. The exergy balance is used to estimate the exergy destruction in each component of the plant. Moreover, the cost balance equations are solved to determine the cost of exergy destruction in each part of the Isfahan STPP. The highest exergy destruction has mainly occurred in boiler and preheater1&condenser by almost 360.65 MW and 38.81 MW, respectively. In addition, the cost destruction for boiler is about 15090.8 US$/h and for preheater1&condenser is 6056.57 US$/h. Furthermore, the effect of key parameters such as the main steam temperature, reheated steam temperature, condenser pressure and number of the feed water heaters on the cycle performance as well as the final cost of electricity is determined. In particular, by decreasing the condenser, pressure from 0.7 to 0.05 bar the final cost of electricity increases from 7.81 US$/GJ to 9.87 US$/GJ. Accordingly, by increasing the number of the feed water heaters from none to 6, the electricity price will decrease from 19.53 US$/GJ to 8.89 US$/GJ.

Exergy analysis of a 420 MW combined cycle power plant

Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) have an important role in power generation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate irreversibility of each part of Neka CCPP using the exergy analysis. The results show that the combustion chamber, gas turbine, duct burner and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are the main sources of irreversibility representing more than 83% of the overall exergy losses. The results show that the greatest exergy loss in the gas turbine occurs in the combustion chamber due to its high irreversibility. As the second major exergy loss is in HRSG, the optimization of HRSG has an important role in reducing the exergy loss of total combined cycle. In this case, LP‐SH has the worst heat transfer process.
The first law efficiency and the exergy efficiency of CCPP are calculated. Thermal and exergy efficiencies of Neka CCPP are 47 and 45.5% without duct burner, respectively. The results …

Sajad Khanjani

Sajad Khanjani Mechanical Engineer About Hello! My name is Sajjad, and I’m a mechanical engineer born and raised in Iran – a country known for its diverse natural wonders and rich cultural heritage. I’m based in a region that enjoys some of the sunniest days throughout the year. I received my master’s degree in mechanical […]

Armin Ahmadian

Armin Ahmadian Mechanical Engineer (Thermal System Modeler) About Hi there! I’m a mechanical engineer with a passion for energy systems. I spend my days modeling and optimizing energy systems to improve their efficiency and sustainability. I love a good challenge, and I’m always curious to learn about new technologies and techniques that can help me […]

Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Plant Using Sequential Quadratic Programming

The thermal-economic optimization of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) which can provide 140 MW of electrical power is discussed in this paper. The CCPP is composed of a gas turbine cycle (including, air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), steam turbine, condenser system, and a pump. The design parameters of such a plant are compressor pressure ratio (rAC), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηAC) gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηGT), and turbine inlet temperature (T3), pinch difference temperature (ΔTpinch), steam turbine inlet temperature (Ta), steam turbine isentropic efficiency (ηST), and pump isentropic efficiency (ηPUMP). The objective function was the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, including sum of the operating cost related to the fuel consumption, and the capital investment for equipment purchase and maintenance costs …